MLA Format Guide
MLA 9th Edition, Explained
This free guide covers the MLA rules you need for essays, research papers, and humanities coursework.
See What Works TodayWhat is MLA Format?
MLA (Modern Language Association) format is the standard citation and formatting style for the humanities: English, literature, philosophy, cultural studies, and foreign languages. MLA 9th Edition (2021) is the current version, with updated guidelines for citing digital sources, containers, and supplemental elements. It is the most commonly assigned format in undergraduate humanities courses at U.S. colleges and universities.
Font & Size
12pt Times New Roman, double-spaced
Margins
1 inch on all sides
Header Block
Name, instructor, course, date (top left)
Page Numbers
Last name + page # (top right)
Works Cited
Hanging indent, alphabetical order
In-Text Citations
Author-page format (Smith 23)
MLA vs. APA: Key Differences
The two most common academic styles look similar on the surface but have important structural differences. Here is a quick reference.
| Feature | MLA 9th | APA 7th |
|---|---|---|
| In-text citations | Author-page (Smith 23) | Author-date (Smith, 2020) |
| Title page | No (header block) | Yes (required) |
| Bibliography name | Works Cited | References |
| Page numbers | Last name + page # | Page # only |
| Common in | Humanities, undergrad | Social sciences, grad school |
Common MLA Formatting Questions
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